Talent Management The Army Bureaucracy Essay - 2029 Words

Not long after arriving at the United States Army War College, I heard the phrase â€Å"you are now they,† - essentially which I took to mean that any arguments along the lines of â€Å"they should do something about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were now forbidden. I understand, I’m here to step up and own my share of the challenges. Unfortunately some of those challenges sound in my ears like â€Å"the Army bureaucracy has created such an impasse and mess of system x that you are now the inheritor, go fix it.† I am also a product of that system. One of those significant problems that the Army faces is grappling with Talent Management - how to systematically plan for and implement a modernized integration of personnel accessions, development, employment, and retention to get the right Soldiers and leaders ready for the right jobs at the right times to meet the Army’s requirements.1 John McHugh served as Secretary of the Army from 2009-2015, and along with Chief of S taff of the Army (CSA) General Ray Odierno, focused no small part of their efforts during their terms to reinvigorating the Army as a Profession, highlighting â€Å"The upcoming challenge is not just attracting and selecting the best available candidates to be Army professionals but developing them to be as good as or better than our current professionals.†2 As Ashton Carter assumed the duties as the Secretary of Defense down the hall in the Pentagon in 2015, the Army’s approach was a natural fit into Carter’s â€Å"Force of the Future.† In order for theShow MoreRelatedArmy s Leadership On The Emotional Side Of Leadership1235 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Army’s leadership doctrinal manual, Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 6-22, Army leadership is â€Å"the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.† The missing link within thi s doctrinal definition and the field manual is an all-inclusive importance on the emotional side of leadership. The ability for leaders to be aware one or check their emotions as it not only affects them, butRead MoreFayols 14 Principles1071 Words   |  5 PagesHOW FAYOL S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ARE USED IN A MILITARY ENVIRONMENT By Mark Culligan The process of coordinating and integrating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. (Henri Fayol General and Industrial Management.(1916)) Introduction Management is a very complex field. Not only must managers pay attention to what is best for the organization, but they also have to do what is best for their customers. AtRead MoreLeadership Of The Public Sector1442 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership in the public sector is not something that is cut and dry, it is something that some people see while others swear doesn’t even exist. In the age of globalization where top talent is highly sought after and leadership qualities are something that every firm desires, it would seem that the public sector needs to boast their leaders just to remain competitive and relevant in the modern business world. In the public sector leadership has been theorized to be very beneficial in practice howeverRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1330 Words   |  6 Pagestime solvent problems inside the group making changes in the organisation. Management possesses a title that supports his decisions and works to achieve a goal that the or ganisation requires. The leadership is moved for inspiration and has more emotional input that managers, for example, when the team fails in any situation the leader give constructive feedback and suggestion to improve the performance, however, management has more cold or passive attitudes following a role towards goals having aRead MoreEssay about Profession of Arms11066 Words   |  45 PagesAn Army White Paper: The Army Profession of Arms, Its Culture, and Ethic The overall objective of the Army Profession of Arms campaign is for Soldiers and leaders to refine their understanding of what it means to be professionals--expert members of the Profession of Arms--after nine years of war and to recommit to a culture of service and the responsibilities and behaviors of our profession as articulated in the Army Ethic. GEN Martin E. Dempsey, CG, TRADOC The preeminent military task, andRead MoreImproving The Medical Command s Acquisition Workforce Essay6208 Words   |  25 PagesProfessor Bayless December 14, 2016 Improving the Medical Command’s Acquisition Workforce Abstract The Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) makes up 2% of the Army Acquisition Workforce of more than 37,000 acquisition professionals (Craig A. Spisak, 2016). The Army Medical Command has five acquisition career fields (ACF) that make up its workforce of acquisition professionals; program management, contracting, science and technology managers, information and technology, and test and evaluation. The MEDCOMRead MoreDoes It Matter What Managers Do?5565 Words   |  23 Pageshave a fair idea of what managers do. This differs both from the â€Å"heroic selfimage† idealisation and from the sanitised â€Å"management science† idealisation. Despite IT and all the talk of empowerment, management as a profession in its own right is, if anything, becoming more, not less, widespread. What managers do therefore matters simply because so many people are doing â€Å"management† as their main role. But does what managers do matter in terms of its effects on the people being manage d, and, if so,Read MoreNetflix Invented Hr4567 Words   |  19 Pagespolicies. Reward candor. And throw away the standard playbook. by Patty McCord How Netï ¬â€šix Reinvented HR SPOTLIGHT ON TALENT AND PERFORMANCE This document is authorized for use only by Janet Hughes (JAH612@LEHIGH.EDU). Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Please contact customerservice@harvardbusiness.org or 800-988-0886 for additional copies. SPOTLIGHT ON TALENT AND PERFORMANCE Spotlight ARTWORK Freegums, Good Vibrations 2011, acrylic on wood, 8 x 15 This document isRead MoreNaked Economics Essay2854 Words   |  12 Pagesexpounds on how the market gears up and aligns incentives such that individuals work for their own self-interest for an improved standard of living. In no uncertain terms, the author explains how the Soviet socialist economy failed because the bureaucracy of the government controlled the economy. This chapter makes a strong stand that it is not fair to impose preferences on others. He alleges that it is bad economics to impose preferences on individuals whose lives are much different from all theRead MoreAlexander Hamilton s The Revolutionary War Essay2251 Words   |  10 PagesAlexander Hamilton Time Traveler ââ€"  Published letters in New York newspapers in favor of the Patriot cause prior to Revolutionary War starting at the young age of seventeen ââ€"  Lieutenant Colonel in the Continental Army and aide to camp to George Washington during Revolutionary War Author of Washington’s critical letters during the Revolutionary War Demonstrated bravery and valor especially at Yorktown George Washington recognized in him a born leader Visionary; Continued to self-study and

Bottled Water Ethical Dilemma Questions - 1917 Words

Water Bottle Debate Module 2 Assignments Suhani Patel TECH 57010: Ethics, Technology, and Environment Prof. Adam Jackson October 22, 2017 Contentsî ¿ ¿ Bottled Water Ethical Dilemma 3 Questions to consider 4 Conclusion 9 References 11î ¿ ¾ Bottled Water Ethical Dilemma Filtered water has been major offering business refreshment around the globe since the late 1980s. As indicated by the Worldwatch Institute, worldwide filtered water utilization has more than quadrupled since 1990. Today Americans devour more than 30 billion liters of water out of around 50 billion (generally plastic) bottles each year. The Beverage Marketing Association reports that in 2008 filtered water included more than 28 percent of the U.S. fluid refreshment drink†¦show more content†¦Questions to consider Charles Fishman writes that, â€Å"The global economy has contrived to deny the most fundamental element of life to 1 billion people, while delivering to us an array of water ‘varieties’ from around the globe, not one of which we actually need.† The author seems to blame the global economy for â€Å"denying† 1 billion people safe, dependable drinking water? Do you agree? If so, what solutions do you propose? This isn t substantial. It is the obligation of every country s organization to give central resources for their masses. The maker is in every way careful when he says that someone else in a substitute piece of the world will be benefited from what we use (say waste). Overall economy can t be totally reprimanded for this. There are a couple of edges to be considered when we denounce the overall economy. Couple of countries wound up noticeably wealthier and various did not. No one is direct able or culpable for this. Skilled well-off countries can offer their sponsorship for the unprivileged with the objective that they can at any rate get least basics to live. Give some reasons why you think 1 billion people might not have enough safe water to drink. Are the reasons all economic in nature? There could be various reasons. It is to a great degree normal to see that people blame economy for each issue. Geographic differentiation and environment expect imperative part. Only one out of every odd one of the countriesShow MoreRelatedNestle Ethical Issue2665 Words   |  11 PagesNestle Responsibility to Deal with Ethical Dilemmas Abstract The multinational business and ethical responsibility are parallel topic. Nestle faced with the rising of consumer boycott which came to be a broadly issue in case of business ethics. 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Peggy mentioned, â€Å"The National Guard are certainly capable of findingRead MoreWater Management Practices : Privatization Of Municipal And Bottled Water Sources Using A Justice Oriented Ethical Framework2438 Words   |  10 Pagesimportance of water is valued and respected everywhere. Most if not all societies agree with the principles of human dignity and equality for all people. Water is the basis for human survival, which can unite and create solidarity between civilizations. Instead, water is dividing civilizations, causing tension over the precious resource. The primarily focus of this paper is on analyzing water management practices, specifically exploring privatization of municipal and bottled water sources usingRead MoreFiji Water and the Chocolate Slaves Essay3572 Words   |  15 Pagesfrom a rare resource in the Fiji Islands, and harvesting of cocoa beans via child slave labor in West Africa, are both ethically questionable. Business practices from both commodities have little regard on damages inflicted during their production. Ethical issues, similarities, and differences with both commodities will be contrasted, a presentation of socially responsible strategic alternative(s) will follow, and finally possible impact(s) of said strategic alternative(s) to stakeholders highlightedRead MoreMacro Analysis of the Coca Cola Company Essay2263 Words   |  10 PagesTechnological Analysis: It deals with the new trends in technology and the technological advancements. Also it takes into consideration the new methods of manufacture, the lo gistics, and the distribution. The Internet and the e-commerce, and it makes me question, how can technology benefit the consumers? Is the e-commerce helping to reduce costs? Is it improving the quality? Economic Analysis: It analyzes the possible fields the company can go, get and expand. The company studies the interest ratesRead MorePepsico Case8696 Words   |  35 PagesDaniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu PepsiCo’s Journey Toward an Ethical and Socially Responsible Culture COMPANY OVERVIEW PepsiCo is one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world. It manufactures and sells eighteen brands of beverages and snack foods and generates over $98 billion in retail sales. PepsiCo encompasses the Pepsi Cola, Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Quaker, and Gatorade brands and offers products in over 200 countries. ItRead MoreEthics in Pepsico4416 Words   |  18 Pagesof a business organization. They can differ from one company to another because of differences in cultural perspectives, operational structures and strategic orientations. Therefore, different people have different beliefs about what constitutes ethical behavior. The law defines what is or not legal, but the distinctions between moral right and wrong are not always so clear. In many situations lines between right and wrong are blurred. Such situations can be helped to be cleared by using organizationRead MoreThe Privatization Of Municipal And Bottled Water Sources2149 Words   |  9 PagesPrivatiz ation of Water Different societies around the world have different moral codes, but the importance of water is valued and respected everywhere. Most if not all societies agree with the principles of human dignity and equality for all people. Water is the basis for human survival therefore, it can be the foundation for solidarity amongst societies and people. The ethical frameworks of utilitarianism, consequentialist, intrinsic, theistic, ecological, and water management are all examples ofRead More A Study of Product Quality, Pricing, and Labeling Packaging 1951 Words   |  8 PagesBusinesses are responsible for the product they manufacture and distribute. This perspective will examine the ethical implications of product manufacturing concerning Product Quality, Pricing, and Labeling Packaging. In this paper, we will discuss each of these topics and show how each aspect of manufacturing has it’s own set of factors. One of the first major aspects of product manufacturing is Product Quality. The responsibilities of a business are simple. Develop a low cost, high quality productRead MoreEvaluation Of An Immunoglobulin E ( Ige ) Antibodies1761 Words   |  8 Pagescalcium and other vital nutrients should consume in order to replace the once getting from the milk. Foods high in calcium are green vegetables( collard green, broccoli, kale) oranges and juices, breakfast foods, cereals, snacks, breads and bottled water with calcium. Calcium supplements can be used too. The daily intake of calcium is 1000mg per day. Vitamin D is also important for calcium absorption. The recommended dose is 400-800 IU daily, and could be obtained from food like orange juice

Theoretical Perspectives And Methodologies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Theoretical Perspectives And Methodologies? Answer: Introducation Methodology is the section of a research which will help in delivering the information related with the methods adopted by the researcher so as to collect the data (Ellis, Levy, 2017). This section of the research is designed to evaluate all the finance and techniques which are being used by the researcher so as to gather the data. It is necessary that all the methods and techniques used by the researcher so that the target population could get the direction with the effect of which authenticity and reliability of the research report could be enhanced. To ensure that the research should move in a right direction it is required that a researcher should choose the right methodology. This will help in providing a set direction to the researcher and will help in availing appropriate and accurate set of information to the target population (McLeod, 2013). Research Problem and Reorganized Collected Literature Research was conducted by the researcher on Bluetooth which is a wireless technology with the help of which people could connect their mobile phones files with others. In this research researcher has tried to gather information related with Bluetooth with the help of various sources (Adler, 2015). This research on Bluetooth will help the mobile and various other electronic communication companies in making the decision of whether they should apply Bluetooth technology in their electronic item or not (Turabian, 2007). While performing the research there are certain set of problems which came into existence which will have a negative impact on the research formulated by the researcher? One of the problems which came into existence is that the technology of Bluetooth has become very old on which many of the past researches have already been implemented. This reduces the scope of the research formulated by the researcher in present time (Chakrabarti, 2010). The time and budget available with the researcher was not sufficient due to which he faced issues in collecting appropriate set of data from various primary sources. This again affects the scope of a research. Collecting data from the primary sources helps the researcher in providing quantitative data and helps the target users in making appropriate set of decision in relation with the aspect on which the research is being management (Barkan, Linoff, 2013). Research Problem Statement Limitation of time and availability of proper set of resources is one of the main problem attached with the researcher, these are the aspects which have a huge impact on the validity of the research as it causes limitation to the project scope. Reorganized Collected Literature Research Problem Sub-problem Collected Literature Problem 1 Sub-problem 1 Literature 1 Literature 2 Technology Has become old, already many of the researches has been formulated previously. Sub-problem 2 Less quantitative data Issues with the validation of the research Problem 2 Sub-problem n Limited budget and time Limited Scope Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies Qualitative research helps in availing theoretical data related with the research which helps in evaluating data collected from the secondary-sources. Qualitative data helps in generating in-depth information/data related with the selected topic. In-depth information of the research, topic helps target users in making an appropriate decision in relation with the information provided by the researcher in the research (Aramberri, Butler, 2013). Qualitative data which is also known as second hand data is being collected by undertaking secondary sources of data collection, which provides relevant information related to the research topic. Secondary sources are used to collected already published or already used data which is helpful in current research. To ensure that qualitative research could be formulated researcher evaluate information from various secondary sources which are books available in the libraries on the same topic or on the related topic, various articles and newspapers, and for mass information internet is one of the most effective sources of data collection which helps the researcher in evaluating all the aspects of the research. Quantitative Methodology Quantitative methodology is the methodology which is being used by the researcher so as to provide numerical information in the research. It is the method which provides the direction to the researcher with the effect of which more impressive and attractive research content is being developed. Quantitative research helps in evaluating the quantitative data which is presented with the help of bars, pie charts and various other graphical representations (Ellis, Levy, 2017). Accuracy and authenticity of the research report is being increased by using quantitative methodology of data collection. To develop quantitative data researchers mostly uses primary sources of data collection as it helps in availing raw data for the research. Primary sources of data collection are the sources which helps in evaluating data directly from the people have proper set of knowledge about the research topic. Responses are collected with the help of survey in which questionnaire is being developed by the researcher and responses are collected directly from the responses and experts (Bell, 2014). This data is then analysed and collated data is being provided in the form of bars and pie charts in the research report. Type of Chosen Methodology To develop the content of this research report researcher has used qualitative method which will help in availing theoretical data related with the topic selected. Reason behind choosing qualitative method of data collection is that, researcher do not have proper time and budget to indulge in survey and collection quantitative data with the help of primary sources of data collection (Borrett, et. al., 2016). Methodology chosen by the researcher will help in availing in depth information related with Bluetooth and will provide an appropriate direction to the people available in the market. Review of the Existing Methodologies The sub problem selected by the researcher is less quantitative data. Reason behind selecting this sub problem is that, researcher wants to provide quantitative data for the research in which he is indulged (Fletcher, 2016). To overcome from the sub problem researcher will try to evaluate quantitative information from various secondary sources of data collection. Using appropriate sources researcher will develop quantitative data which will help in fulfilling research requirements and will help in broadening the scope of the research formulated by the researcher. Analysis of the Selected Methodologies To resolve the research problem and the sub problem researcher has used various facts and figures in relation with Bluetooth. These facts and figures are being used by the researcher from various secondary sources of data collected. With the effect of these sources an assurance is made by the researcher that the authenticity and reliability of the research could remain maintained. With the help of the quantitative data an assurance could be made that the research content developed by the researcher could help the target users in making effective set of decisions in relation with the research topic selected (Hamilton, 2007). Relevance of the Research Problem Data developed for the research report is relevant and is effective. Assurance is made by the researcher that true and fair data should be provided to the target users. This will help the users in making effective set of decision related with the use of Bluetooth. Assurance could also be made that the research content developed is true and authenticated and does not contain any false and fraud data. Summary of the Reviewed Methodologies Literature1 Secondary Sources of Data Collection Qualitative information related with the research Limited Scope Literature2 Secondary Sources of Data Collection Quantitative information related with the research Broader Scope Identification and Justification Methodology proposed for the collection of data is primary sources of data collection which will help the researcher in developing quantitative data for the research. Quantitative data helps the researcher in making the research report more concise and comprehensive which helps in attracting interest of the target users. It is the method which is used by the researcher so as to collect the raw data with the effect of which assurance is made that the content used by the users will help them in making appropriate and effective set of decision (Kennedy-Clark, 2013). Hence, it is required that quantitative data should be collected and data should be presented in the findings and analysis section of the research report. Benefits and Limitations There are various set of benefits related with quantitative method of data collection. It will help in making the research report more comprehensive and concise. Target users will take interest in the research and will get attracted towards the same. This will help in enhancing the scope of the research report and will increase its reliability and validity in the market (Gatrell, et. al., 2015). Every coin has its two phases in the same manner with benefits comes several set of limitations. There are certain limitations attached with the method proposed by the researcher. Analysing data and developing quantitative content is a very crucial task as in case if researcher will include any wrong analysis then it will have a direct impact on the marketing activities also it will have a huge impact on the scope of the research content developed. Quantitative method includes collection of data from primary sources. In case of resources refuse or provide false information then again it will have a huge impact on authenticity and validity of the research (GRAY, 2012). The method is very costly and time consuming. Framework and Explanation Quantitative information will be gathered in the research which will help target users in gaining appropriate and accurate information related with the research content. To gather quantitative data researcher will have to use primary sources of data collection in which he will have to conduct a survey. Survey will be done with the help of questionnaire which will contain several set of questions related with the research topic. Responses will be collected from the respondents (McLeod, 2013). To select the respondents sampling will be done and evaluation of the market from which the responses will be collected will be done. This will help the researcher in collecting data related with the research. After collection of the raw data researcher will have to indulge in analysis (Turabian, 2007). After analysing and evaluating the data researcher will have to present it in the form of bar diagram, pie chart of line graph. This will help in attracting the interest of the target users and will help in broadening the scope of the research conducted by the researcher. Hence, it could be evaluated that using quantitative method will provide an effective set of solution to the researcher. People will get attracted towards the research developed by the researcher which will enhance the scope of the same in the market. It will also ensure that the reliability and validity of the research could get enhanced (Chakrabarti, 2010). References Barkan, R., Linoff, G. (2013). Non-Sampling vs. Sampling Errors in Survey Research. Journal of Finance. Pp. 144-159. Aramberri, J., Butler, R. (2013). Non-Sampling vs. Sampling Errors in Survey Research. Journal of Marketing. Pp. 145-179. Adler, N. (2015). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Company. Ellis, T., Levy, Y. (2017). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem.Informing Science: The International Journal Of An Emerging Transdiscipline,11, Pp. 17-33 Bell, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Borrett, D., Sampson, H. and Cavoukian, A. (2016). Research ethics by design: A collaborative research design proposal.Research Ethics, 22(1), pp.145-147. Fletcher, A. (2016). Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method.International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), pp.181-194. Hamilton, D. (2007). Bridging Design Research.HERD: Health Environments Research Design Journal, 1(1), pp.29-30. Kennedy-Clark, S. (2013). Research by Design: Design-Based Research and the Higher Degree Research student.Journal of Learning Design, 6(2), pp.122-128. Gatrell, J., Bierly, G. and Jensen, R. (2015). Research design and proposal writing in spatial science. Berlin: Springer. GRAY, D. E. (2012). Doing Research in the Real World. Theoretical Perspectives And Research Methodologies. London: Routeledge. McLeod, S. (2013). Questionnaires. Simply Psychology. London: Printioce Hall. Turabian, K. (2007). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chakrabarti, A. 2010, "A course for teaching design research methodology",AI EDAM,24(3), 317-334

Women in Leadership Essay Example

Women in Leadership Essay America has witnessed a remarkable wave in the womens movement that has put forward over the last two decades a bold vision of social radical change and stimulated the global community to react. The altering status of women in American society during the last two decades has been clearly apparent in family life, employment, education, politics and other spheres across the nation. Yet, there is the contention that professional women in the United States are underutilized. â€Å"Sexual static†- the anger and discomfort men feel working with women in new roles – is one of the numerous theories that explains female underutilization in the United States. Research on the underutilization of women in the United States, Britain, Japan, and the European countries suggests that many of Americas global competitors are beginning to realize the value of their professional women in economic, social and political terms (Carroll 2003, p.64).   This paper is designed to help women see the opportunity for upward mobility and success in any sphere that they are qualified to participate in. For organizations that still have not received the wakeup call, this paper may be useful.BodyThe total defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the United States Constitution in 1982 truly disappointed the feminist leaders who had created and led â€Å"womens movement† brought to public notice in the 1960s and 1970s. But this failure should not obscure the fact that the participation of women as leaders in American society has risen considerably within a period of the last two decades. The main cause of this changing position of women, which has made different both their conception of themselves and the way society views them, is their leadership and mass participation in movements that address broad humanistic/nurturing issues such as peace, environmentalism, public education, prison reform, mental health care, and nursing homes. As a result, today there are more op portunities open to women in family life, employment, education, legislation, and politics than at any period in the past. And this liberation and freedom to choose from a number of alternatives has brought with it extreme changes in the way modern Americans, both women and men, can live their lives.From what origin, then, came all of these new opportunities for women and their following rise in status? Because most of these opportunities have traditionally been the prerogative belonging to men, the process of developing the same opportunities for women has included the demand for the state of being equal, a demand expressed by the feminist leaders of what became a movement for womens rights that has undergone spiritual regeneration. It was their movement that caused a profound social change.Many researchers point out womens alleged absence from political and social involvement (Carroll 2003, pp. 36-45). Scholars are now beginning to admit that women are actively involved politica lly in ways that are seldom acknowledged or recorded as political activity or social protest for instance, by taking part through churches, clubs, and other establishments. Besides the womens public elections and liberation movements, considerable numbers of women are involved in nearly all social movements in the United States such as temperance, health reform, peace, progressivism and municipal reform, and civil rights. As a rule, oriented women described these activities as the act of extending of their nurturing and caring in the home. An interesting instance is that of the â€Å"Club Movement† of the late nineteenth century, which, as Sapiro (1994) explains, was â€Å"instrumental in establishing the early framework for public social welfare programs through their work in health, education, poverty relief, and municipal reform† (p. 246). White women leaders attempted to influence legislators pushing local and state governments to accept public position of being r esponsible for social welfare. In much the same way, the national club movement of black female leaders that emerged in the late nineteenth century created new resources and chances for various collective actions to better the lives of black communities in the United States (Griffin 1998, pp. 23-29).Women have also come into view as political protestors out of their historic ties with religious organizations and principles. Fixed and firmly held religious beliefs have stimulated and strengthened protest activities for both black and white women through American history (Giddings 1984, p. 102). Many white Victorian women who participated in social reform movements believed that God had ordered them to move into the public activity to insist upon their public voices on behalf of racial, class, and other unjust acts. In much the same way, black women in the abolitionist, antilynching, civil rights, and welfare rights movements, among others, were encouraged by their religious beliefs a nd claimed that their political roles are right as the orders of their God. Smith-Rosenberg (1986, p. 22) also removes the cover from this â€Å"lost world of female leadership† in womens religiously based activities and puts an end to the myths constructed by men of â€Å"women as passive victims without resources isolated in a world of powerful men† (1986, p. 25). Protest for many women was and is an inventive mode of opposition to what they regard as the unjust consequences of mens rules and domination.In labor struggles, mens predominance helps to explain the lower presented rate of female acts of protest. Despite the fact that working women and wives of working men have actively participated in labor activities, their large contributions have only recently been discussed.Modern feminist movements in which women are collectively and importantly involved can be classified into four major types:Type 1. In the first place, women participate as leaders in planned and c ontrolled struggles on a large scale involving many people to attack problems that directly are a threat to their economic well-being and that of their families and children. Most often, cross-nationally, these women are involved at the local and community levels around day-to-day issues such as obtaining food, financial and other assistance, jobs, housing, and other necessities participating in food rebellions, welfare statements, labor struggles, tenants rights, and similar collective movements.Type 2. Women also organize or take part in social protests that deal with nationalist or racial/ethnic issues. They participate either in movements demanding liberation or equal rights, or in countermovements demanding protection against destruction of the status quo and the threatened deprivation of rights. Historical instances are women who participated in revolutionary movements in Latin American, Asian, African, and European countries, as well as women in right-wing acts to cause to c ontinue apartheid and Pinochet- and Marcos-like social achievements. In addition, one can find women in abolition and civil movements as well as right-wing women in the Ku Klux Klan and anti-busing movements in the United States (Carroll 2003, p. 62).Type 3. Women are leaders in movements that deal with important humanistic/education issues such as support for international peace, environmentalism, public education for all, prison improvement and change, mental health care, and nursing homes. Women have motivation that their collective activities in the public â€Å"male† sphere are a realization of their nurturing responsibilities within the domestic sphere to include entirely national and global â€Å"families† (Carroll 2003, p. 84).Type 4. Probably most substantially, women are agitators regarding their own rights as women and different groups of women (domestic violence, older women, teenage mothers, child brides, and others). These women participate in movements a t both the national and international levels.From 1985 to 2000, the number of women in the legislature grew steadily. Female committee chairs tend to be found for the most part heading human services, family, and health committees. The committees also are composed in considerable proportion by other women.For example, women in Arizona and California politics made history in the 1998 elections. â€Å"Its a Womans World† in Arizona, stated the Los Angeles Times, for women had just been elected to the top five statewide offices—governor, secretary of state, attorney general, treasurer, and superintendent of public instruction (Cart 1998). In California, a record number of women, ten, had been chosen to be public officials, pushing the state legislature as a whole above the national typical amount for percentage of women for the first time. Women, † a Los Angeles Times headline announced, will â€Å"play largest role ever in [the] legislature† (Pyle 1998). In 1994, women in Ohio took some of the states most efficient in action political offices speaker, attorney general, lieutenant governor, and main committee chairs. Women are also organizing coalitions and alliances to strengthen their political position.The above-described women-centered political consciousness reflects the transitional stage at which women find themselves today. Their long-term imprint on leadership practices seems has thus far been considerable because of real power.Why then organizations still do not look to women as leaders and why women are still so scarce in top management? Maybe this is the paradox of gender or maybe women lead differently than men? Many researchers made efforts to answer this question. Whicker and Jewell (1998) find that women at all levels of state legislative leadership, more than men, show a consensus style rather than a command and control style (p. 59). Carrolls   (2003, p. 105) examination of leadership styles of state legislative com mittee chairs indicates that women chairs pay more attention than men do on getting the job done and doing it in a team-oriented manner rather than relying on positional authority or raw power. Together, these authors came to conclusion that women who have leadership positions make a difference in the way legislative business is done. The discussion about womens qualities to change the legislative arena generates some dispute, however. Researcher Adair (2002) indicates that women officeholders have a greater tendency than men toward willingness to assist, communication, coalition building, and assisting the progress. Kathlene (1999) gives evidence, however, that womens full inclusion into the process or a change in the process itself may still be hindered by backlash and passivity. She indicates that the intricate interactions of gender, structure, norms, and rules suggest that should women make an effort to alter the process, it will take more than winning increasing numbers in off ice and in leadership.If at least 80 percent of top executive positions are held by men, either there are very few professional women worthy of holding such positions or women having sufficient skills and knowledge are being overlooked. It is clear that it is not the first case, since there is a large number of trained and experienced professional women in the United States. That leaves one with the second assumption: for some reason, the abilities of these women are being underutilized. Possibly the clearest assertion that women represent an underutilized economic resource was made by John Collins, former chairman and chief executive of Shell U.K. In a written statement to employees he wrote, â€Å"For too long macho management has been hailed as the only way to run things, and that has put women at a disadvantage, with their abilities measured against criteria set by men. This has been a tremendous waste of talent something that business can no longer afford† (Carroll 2003 , p. 201).Despite the new assessment of the true value of the interactive leadership style and the increasing emphasis on the significance of human resource utilization, the paradox of gender prevents modern companies from seeing the extremely large not yet used pool of women leaders that can contribute to economic competitiveness. Companies that refuse to notice the competitive advantage women represent do so at their own peril. A few companies are beginning to link the gender dispute with economic competitive ability. It is obvious that as more women become lawyers, doctors, CPAs, and principal teachers, they represent an important market for all kinds of good and services. Not any more can Cadillac and Lexus dealers think they will be making and selling their cars only to men. Notwithstanding, female sales managers are still occurring seldom in the automobile business.As female preferences become larger factors that influence consumer behavior, companies recognize that women exec utives must be given a leading role in determining how goods and services should be made and produced for sale. No longer can law and CPA companies suppose that their customers will be male or that only men will determine what company should represent their organization in court or deal with their taxes. No longer can advertising organizations think that it will be only men who will determine what ad campaign to consider good. No longer can specialists suppose that it will be only men who will decide who gets an agreement. Therefore, soon more and more organizations will accept the fact that they need the decision-making abilities of women not only as a necessary tool for succeeding in the womens market but as a way to make themselves more competitive in today’s economy.Female talent is a resource unique to America. No other nation in the world has a worthy of comparison supply of professional women waiting to be leaders. Women are â€Å"doing† leadership in two ways. First, women in general specialize in what organizational psychologist Arlie Hochschild (1995, p. 105) calls â€Å"emotional labor.† Women have a talent to manage feeling and produce a proper state of mind in other people. The modern service industry, rather than being based on physical labor, is based chiefly on emotion management. For example, services in large part are purchased and evaluated based on the feelings and sensations they evoke. Therefore, women have more opportunities than men in jobs calling for emotional labor.ConclusionToday womens activism for social and political change throughout the world is widely documented. Women as a group come jointly at a time of economic or political trouble to break down anything that prevents them from getting the fundamental needs for survival. Historically, the major problem for women, taking into account their traditional role within the family and social life, has been to find ways to provide food, shelter, and clothe to th eir families within patriarchal, racist, and classism repressions. Women shifted boundaries in all organizations. The political sphere, as feminists have redefined it, becomes increasingly gender-integrated. National political and business conditions are increasingly encouraging. Modern organizations are no longer hierarchical pyramids with most of the real regulation at the top. They are systems interrelated webs in which control is loose, power is distributed, and centers of decision are composed of more than one person. It seems clear that companies that are composed of alliances and networks would hire managers who are comfortable sharing information. It seems clear that companies operating in global context would hire managers who appreciate cultural and gender diversity. Since these are the leadership characteristics that women display, it seems clear that such companies would turn to women leaders. Women have attributes of the interactive leadership style that is in particul ar effective in flexible, nonhierarchical companies of the kind that perform best in a climate of rapid change of modern world.ReferencesAdair, John. (2002). Inspiring Leadership: Learning from Great Leaders. Thorogood: London.Arlie Hochschild, Ideals of Care: Traditional, Postmodern, Cold-Modern and Warm-Mod- ern, Social Politics (Fall 1995).Carroll, Susan J. (2003). Women and American Politics: New Questions, New Directions. Oxford University Press: Oxford.Cart, Julie. (1998). When It Comes to Arizona Officeholders, Its a Womans World. † Los Angeles Times (17 December): A-5.Giddings, Paula. (1984). When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: Morrow.Griffin, Farah Jasmine. (1998). Layin On of Hands: Organizational Efforts Among Black American Women, 1790-1930. Sage, Student Supplement.Kathlene, Lyn. (1999). â€Å"Uncovering the Political Impact of Gender: An Exploratory Study.† Western Political Quarterly 42.Pyle, Amy. (1998) . Women to Play Largest Role Ever in Legislature. † Los Angeles Times (23 November): A3, A11.Sapiro, Virginia. (1994). The Political Integration of Women: Roles, Socialization and Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. (1986). Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: Oxford University Press.Whicker, Marcia, and Malcolm Jewell. (1998). â€Å"The Feminization of Leadership in State Legislatures.† In Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future, ed. Sue Thomas and Clyde Wilcox. New York: Oxford University Press. Women in Leadership Essay Example Women in Leadership Essay For the longest time, women have been perceived as weak citizens who can only follow what is demanded of them. They have been called different names, oppressed beyond recognition. However, women have reached the bottom, and are now raising themselves to positions that were not initially designed for them. This is to be affirmed by the different institutions that are campaigning for women leadership today. It was discovered out through their organizational websites that women in leadership do not only refer to female leaders but also to how women leaders help other female individuals in becoming leaders as well. Introduction In the past, women were not allowed to even speak out in society. They were expected to stay at home, to bear children, and to also be ready when her husband is struck with the mood. She was expected to marry as soon as she becomes fertile. She cannot speak out beyond a respectable whisper. Her role is to stand by her husbands side through all he decisions he will make. She is a mere follower. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Leadership specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Leadership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Leadership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today, tables have somewhat turned. The women, through the years, were able to raise themselves from the judgmental and patriarchal society. They fought back when she thought that the men were already stepping all over their lives with selfish ideologies, and they succeeded. She surpassed the concept that women can only follow because they cannot think for themselves. She made a leader out of herself. With this in mind, this research paper aims to find how women in leadership are evident through the use of exploring different organizations with this specialization. From their respective organizational websites, their ideas and programs will be discussed, as well as their history. This is to find out the establishment of women in leadership of current times. The primary objective of this strategy is to also help alleviate the different traditional assumptions about women. With the help of the information to be discussed below, the objects and ideologies of women will also be shared. This is to give a sort of clarity to the ongoing question about the role of women in society. The institutions included in this paper are the following: (1) Institute of Womens Leadership, (2) Women in Leadership Foundation, (3) The Center of Womens Leadership at Babson College, and (4) Rutgers Institute for Womens Leadership. To further emphasize their silent campaigns, established leading women will also be discussed in this paper. All of these are for the formation of a contemporary view of women as leaders. Discussion Institute of Womens Leadership According to their website, the Institute was found 1991 by a woman named Rayona Sharpnack. Their organization is all about delivering leadership programs that will guide individuals about the necessary things to know and do for them to be at their most effective. As part of their objective is to also help in creating change that would last for a very long time. Their ideology about extraordinary leaders lies more on who these individuals are, and how well they are able to harness the wide array of resources present in their environment. Those are the points where they concentrate. As part of their training, they will examine the underlying context of their decisions related to business. This aims to help these individuals in discovering and practicing the idea that when they change the context of how they do business, they are making a breakthrough as well as a whole new exciting reality. The reason behind their choice to change and develop women as leaders lies on their belief that these kinds of changes in organizations will promote the increase of their collaboration, performance, as well as innovation in the organization. It will help the total efficiency, not just of the organization, but also in their respective communities. It will also help these individuals in a personal level. One of their programs is called Women Leading Change. They designed the program to be highly interactive with regards to leadership development. They also included the application of projects that are real-time and real-life. This means that the scenarios used in the programs are highly relevant to their respective situations. Furthermore, to maximize the objectives of the program, the members of this organization made use of coaches who are internationally recognized. The logic behind this is that these individuals have had years of experience, and they will be the best teachers in this field. The alumni community will also be involved in this three-day program. Another program by this institution is called Partners Leading Change. This program, on the other hand, is a co-educational approach. Similar to the previous program, this is also highly interactive as it involves co-ed teams. To sustain more than satisfying results, participants are put under one-on-one coaching. They do not also use hypothetical case studies. They train by always involving the realities in the business world. They are also provided with coaches who are internationally recognized in their respective fields. They will guide their participants through individual and team training for leadership. Furthermore, the participants are exposed to a broad set of alumni, as well as successful professional partners. Women in Leadership Foundation Women in Leadership (WIL) is a non-profit organization that stretches on a national scope. According to their website, they have a dedication towards the advancement of women in attaining leadership roles. They aim to accomplish this through delivering inspirational programs all over Canada. This is in light with their current and succeeding leaders. This year, they are entering their 6th year of providing programs across the major cities of the country. The primary objective, as written in their website, is to promote the women in gaining the leadership role. The second most important objective is to make profiles of the successful women, and use these as role models for their respective fields. As part of their campaign, they will also be the ones who will facilitate the development of these women in becoming leaders. Most importantly, they aim to be able to deliver programs that are innovative. They target connection, information and inspiration. Their website also mentioned that they will support the growth of these women through non-traditional activities. It is important that they are strengthened to raise their potentials in their respective careers at their highest levels. The programs by WIL are designed to expose hopeful women to other women who have been through the same endeavors. With the help of these role models, they are also able to expand a network for the next generation of members. Furthermore, with the help of these partners in the same community, as well as in the industry, they are able to develop a group that will progress through collaboration. Important aspects of the organization will also be given just attention in its development since there members who are more inclined to work because of the design of their institution. With the idea of expansion, programs by this organization are aimed to reach out to the employees of their partners as well. The Center of Womens Leadership at Babson College This organization, on the other hand, has a dedication towards the accomplishment of assisting women through the different stages of their careers. According to their website, they are also after the advantages of in raising the talents and power of women in different organization. The center is about the different executive and educational programs that are aimed to support the different professional development of women being leaders and entrepreneurs. Furthermore, through extensive research, and faculty of experts, the organization claim that they are the best institute designed to help women in their respective professional fields, as well as to help achieve their personal goals. The school made it a point that their female students undergo this center. They have been recognized as the top college for girls. In addition, their MBA program â€Å"Opportunities for Women† was also recognized by Princeton Review. Their programs welcome women and men alike. But their spotlight lies on women in business as entrepreneurs and leaders. This is also a means of changing the face of role models to expand different points of view, as well as aspirations and expectations. Furthermore, they make use of educational events as a means of reaching out to its participants. This is through including successful women, who are entrepreneurs in different companies. Some of these companies are Palm and New Century Brewing Company, as well as Reebok, Aetna, Fidelity, Dell Inc., and PricewaterhouseCoopers. The institute also has a commitment towards the women who felt the impact of the diversity of demographics and students in the campus. One of their programs, Women’s Leadership Awards, is aimed to offer financial support to selected women students for them to experience an easier enrollment. Today, the institute also has a regular program that is open to the entire campus. A number of 150 students attend panel events, and 535 at their recent annual conference for women’s leadership. From the year 2000, the Center brought more than 250 women executives and entrepreneurs, who are the best in their respective fields, into the school campus. According to their website, they took this as a means of raising the aspirations of the women who attends these programs. It is all about providing different role models closer to their reach. It is also important for the attendees to get close with these role models, to know their lives and stories, as a form of inspiration. The Center also provides the Women’s Leadership Program. This program is called to be co-curricular program as it provides the knowledge and skills in the different opportunities in developing, networking and mentoring opportunities for undergraduate and graduate female students. Their website also mentioned that the career of a woman is not always as good as many assume. Although it was found out that women take almost half of the managerial positions in the US, the problems with gender-based challenges are still high, and it hinders them from progressing further. They recognize the need to understand the different organizational and individual elements of these challenges to find solutions. Through a collaborative deliberation, they do not find the problem that difficult. This is for the empowerment of women in the different aspects in the competitive arena. Rutgers: Institute for Womens Leadership This institute under the State University of New Jersey comprises of six units. Together with its members, the center is at the Douglass College campus. They conduct research, as well as develop and sponsor programs, and other initiative for public service. They are engaged in preparing women of difference ages, races and ethnic backgrounds, for them to play constructive and active roles in the public. The institute is dedicated to examine different issues about leadership and women’s advancement in leadership. They also involve the decisions made in different arenas. This kind of interaction among the participants is a form of encouraging explorations, both scholarly and practical, of how institutions that are formed by race, gender, and ethnicity can be introduced to understanding the concept women’s leadership. According to their website, New Jersey is one of the states ever to have elected a governor who is a woman. On the other hand, despite this fact, their overall record of women electing for public office is relatively low. The state is part of the bottom ten among all the states in relation to the women in its legislature. Their program Ready to Run is an opportunity for the female potential candidates to listen to the elected officials, as well as party officials and campaign consultants on how one should be able to position themselves in the appointed offices. This does not necessarily mean the political offices, but also in their respective organizations. The program is a one-day event. It began in 1998, a joint effort with the Center for American Women and Politics. Another program by the institution is called CLASP, which is a hands-on training for female students. It is a five-week internship with the organization called New Brunswick. They attend three days a week. It also includes a weekly seminar, as well as $500 for the food and transportation expenses. Students will be able to complete 3 course credits upon completing the program. CLASP, according to their website, is a service-based learning program. It offers their female students first hand experiences in an organization local to Central New Jersey. The internship includes activities that are focused on empowering the youth, eduction on art, and prevention of domestic violence. In addition, these activities are also for the promotion of public health and literacy. The students are taught how to address the concerns of the community in regards to their social, economic and political difference. With their weekly commitments, students are given the opportunity to confront issues, like social justice, immigration and poverty. This way, they are guided to reach the idea of undergoing social change. The Women in Leadership Across Time Another website used for this research listed some of the landmarks of history. They aimed to declare to the women of today of who their foremothers are. This is a mere hint of the female rulers who made a big difference in the progress of man. They began with saying that the Egyptians Queens are believed to have begun their reign 3000 BCE. The first of these women was named Ku-baba. She ruled over the Mesopotamian City-State during the 2500 BCE. It was not after the First World War that the women became part of the revolutionary governments in Hungary, Russia, Ukraine and Ireland. Nina Bang was the first female minister elected democratically in a parliamentary government. It was a slow development. According to the website, it was not close to the end of the 20th century that these female ministers ended becoming unusual. The first female President and Prime Minister is named Sirivamo Bandaranaike. It was in 1960 at Sri Lanka where the worlds first female elected Prime Minister. In 1974, a woman of Argentina named Isabel Peron became the worlds first female president. Today, only two countries remain to not have had a female representative in the government. These countries are Monaco and Saudi Arabia. According to their site, Vatican had a female Assistant Vice-Minister. Sweden, on the other hand, became the first country to have had more female than male minister. Last year, the Finish government comprised of women by 60%. Today, in the United Nations, there are 192 female members, with 2 external independent states. In addition are the a couple of self declared independent states, and self ruling countries. Simultaneously, there are 19 female leaders. In countries of monarchies, Queens rule over 3 countries: United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Denmark. The first is represented by Governor Generals who are also female. There are 6 female presidents across the globe as well. These countries are Philippines, Liberia, Ireland, India, Finland, Chile, and Argentina. Subsequently, there are 7 female Prime Ministers in countries: Germany, Moldavia, New Zealand, Mozambique, Ukraine, Netherlands Antilles, and The Ã…land Islands Conclusion After all the institutions have been laid out, it is evident from their nature and programs that their pursuit is to raise the women higher from where she already is. They are training these women to target entrepreneurship, and well established positions in businesses. They are teaching the women to reach farther from where they are expected to stand. With the women of broad experiences as their role models and guides, they have cleared a path for them to take. Their goal is to go further, to not stop from raising their aspirations. They are given the opportunities to succeed, and the tools to guide them. The objective of this paper is to find what women and leadership today means, and these institutions helped establish a certain definition. It is all about empowering women, opening their eyes to the reality that women can raise themselves from stereotypes and biases. That, in itself, is leadership. There are unsung women who fought through history, and lead women and men alike in different scenarios. They might be overpowered by the achievements of others. But the idea is not to lift their own names. Women leaders are also inclined to raise their fellow women. References (1995). The center for womens leadership. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www3.babson.edu/cwl/. (2004). Women in leadership foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from   Ã‚   http://www.womeninleadership.ca/. (2006). Rutgers Institute of womens leadership. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from   Ã‚   http://iwl.rutgers.edu/. (2008). Institute for womens leadership. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from   Ã‚   http://www.womensleadership.com/. (2008). Worldwide guide to women and leadership. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/.

Working With Carers In Educational Settings Social Work Essay Essays

Working With Carers In Educational Settings Social Work Essay Essays Working With Carers In Educational Settings Social Work Essay Essay Working With Carers In Educational Settings Social Work Essay Essay While service user engagement is already good embedded in mental wellness pattern, instruction and research, affecting carers in the instruction of wellness and societal attention pupils is a comparatively new and frequently unmarked country of pattern that can be of benefit to all. Carers play a critical function in assisting people to keep their topographic point in the community and to cut down the clip clients spend in infirmary or residential scenes. The part of carers and the designation of their demands can inform pupils and practicians when be aftering attention for the single client and in turn toing local community demands. There is no uncertainty that a deficiency of carer engagement in instruction and pattern will set greater strain upon bing resources. This paper explores the function of carers in instruction and demonstrates how carers can be supported to develop the ego assurance to portion their cognition and understanding mental unwellness. Introduction It is suggested that across Europe, up to 90 % of people who suffer from a mental unwellness may be in reception of some kind of support from their households and friends ( Magliano et al 2007 ) . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) besides recognizes that environmental factors have a immense function in assisting people to retrieve from mental unwellness and accordingly cut down the load of disease upon society. However even in the current clime they predict that by 2030 depression will be the taking cause of quality of life indexs ( Disability Adjusted life Old ages or DALY s ) that lead to lost yearss in active work or business ( WHO 2008 ) . This paper will research the function of carers in assisting to cut down demand upon resources while at the same clip acknowledging their ain unique and single demands as a carer. The treatment will include an overview of the literature, policy and pattern that has led to carer engagement in instruction. It is recognized by the writers that while a more in-depth reappraisal is likely needed it is beyond the range of this paper. The literature around carer engagement is patchy and is frequently subsumed within the research and policy on service user engagement in general. Repper A ; Brooker ( 2004 ) in their reappraisal of service user engagement identified that the term service user is frequently used to specify both carers and service users as consumers of the mental wellness service. However it has been recognized by some that carers may hold different demands to clients of the mental wellness services ( Tew et al 2004 ) . This paper will research the acknowledgment of carers need in jurisprudence and policy will be discussed in relation to how back uping carers can and does act upon care be aftering and policy for the client ( SCIE 2007 ) . We will supply illustrations from pattern in one educational scene that will place how carer engagement in instruction may straight act upon pupil acquisition. Researching the literature on carer engagement in higher instruction Marjorie There are about 6 million carers in the UK many of whom go about their function in an retiring manner ( SCIE 2007 ) . This makes it hard to place carers demands as they may be unable to joint where they would wish aid. However it is the function of the professional to develop a supportive relationship with carers, moving as a resource in assisting them run into their ain demands and those of the individual that they are caring for ( Chilton et al 2004 ) . Twig and Atkin ( 1994 cited in Chilton et al 2004 ) identified three types of carer. 1 ) Wholly immersed in their lovingness function and duties and chiefly female. 2 ) More detached in their function, able to equilibrate their caring function with their ain life and chiefly male. 3 ) Content in the function and recognizes the benefits and costs of caring for another. Professionals in wellness and societal attention are required by jurisprudence ( Lloyd 2009 ) to measure carers and assist them place their ain demands, duties and bou ndaries so that they themselves do non endure from what is by and large called carer burden . Magliano et Al ( 2007 ) suggest that carer load can be divided into subjective and nonsubjective demands. Objective demands include work, money, relationships, isolation, environment and physical wellness. These demands are going more recognized now in jurisprudence and policy for illustration the Carer s Equal Opportunities Act 2004 ( SCIE 2007 ) . However subjective demands such as anxiousness, depression, emphasis, embarrassment and get bying with aggressive or unusual behaviours are less good recognized ( Magliano et al 2007 ) . Magliano et Al ( 2007 ) suggests that the term carer load can hold negative and positive deductions upon wellness and societal work pattern that should be explored farther with carers. Promoting carers to come into higher instruction to speak about their experiences can assist pupils to understand their function better as they provide a rich experience and cogn ition of place life for the client, in add-on to looking after a individual who is badly over a long period of clip. Often the lone contact pupils might hold with carers in their arrangement experiences, would be during a crisis when it is hard to develop relationships in the heat of the minute ( Chilton et al 2004, Lloyd A ; Carson 2005 ) . While working aboard a local charity to develop a carer s information battalion, it was identified that many carers were happy in their function but did necessitate much more information than they were given. Information on the squad of professionals who arrive at their door, medicine and mental wellness jurisprudence were countries that could be discussed one time a crisis had passed and to seek and forestall another one occurrence in the hereafter ( Lloyd A ; Carson 2005 ) . Unfortunately some carers identified being excluded from attention be aftering for confidentially grounds. Lloyd A ; Carson ( 2005 ) besides identified a cultural prejudice in that professional carers did non understand the environment in which carers lived nor frailty versa. Tew et Al ( 2004 ) in making a good pattern usher for affecting service users and carers in higher instruction, acknowledge that carers frequently feel left out or ignored. However they besides suggest that while service users and carers have many issues in common there are some that are more specific to one or the other. Therefore it is of import to acknowledge that carers have demands of their ain that may non be the same as the service users. Such demands have been identified in policy and legal paperss that are discussed farther below. In order to supply good quality attention wellness and societal attention workers must hence develop curative relationships with carers and clients that truly acknowledge the demands of both. In higher instruction there is the chance to research how such a relationship might be developed and what needs the carer has within this relationship. In nursing, service user and carer engagement in the design and bringing of pre enrollment programmes has be en late made a needed criterion. ( Nursing and Midwifery Council 2010 ) Researching the policy on carers demands in mental wellness attention Steve Policy and the Torahs associating to carers and engagement varies throughout the UK, though carer engagement is chiefly governed by the Department of Health ( Department of Health 2008 ) . The counsel and demands are dictated through the authorities so that the degree of engagement can hold a base line, though this is still patchy it appears throughout the UK ( Department if Health ) . In Wales for illustration the engagement of carers is governed in the instance of the societal work grade by the Care Council for Wales. The council consist of mainly carers and service users who make up the board of the council and are responsible for doing determinations sing societal attention and societal attention instruction in Wales ( ref ) . The Care Council for Wales financess the engagement of carers and service users within the societal work degree class. This provides the flexibleness needed to organize groups within the universities and enables full engagement within the grade programme. The instruction and preparation of participants is decided by the groups in each university, we have a group of around 20 people which covers both physical and mental unwellness and gives handiness to pupils of a broad truth of people with single narratives to state. Fiscal wage for the work of the participants is nevertheless governed by the Department of Work and Pensions ( ref ) who may hold small if no apprehension of engagement patterns in instruction. This deficiency of apprehension is a lost chance to developing cognition and apprehension of the curative value of engagement ( Chilton et al 2004 ) . Carers are largely service users every bit good, as it was identified above that the load of caring can ensue in anxiousness and depression in carers. Those who may hold one or more household or friends to care for demand something to enable them to maintain making what they do, engagement is hence cardinal to the carers recovery as lovingness is cardinal to the service users recovery. The acknowledgment of the part of carers comes from few topographic points, one of these being pupils within the vocational grades ; both within nursing and societal work, the part is priceless to pupils as it puts the flesh on theory and it enables them to acquire a feel for the carer s predicament and state of affairs. Carer pedagogues have to maintain their cognition base up to rub, to inform pupils, and to be ready to reply relevant inquiries when they arrive. It is now the policy of the Nursing and Midwifery Council, ( NMC 2010 ) for nursing pupils to derive insight into carers demands, the demand for effectual communicating between staff and carer, the demand to educate carers where service users medicine and attention programs are involved so that the carer is able to work with the practicians to send on the attention of the individual that they care for. Carers are frequently left out of the cringle, but seek to learn pupils that as carers they need the information to go on attention and to keep health within their household. The current policy of engagement enables carers to be involved through the pupil s preparation and station making and will keep a stable mentality for the student/practitioner during their on the job life. It should enable good pattern in the workplace and in the community. It should besides be recognised that carer s apprehension of those we care for will ever be far greater than the practician. Carers live with the individual they care for on a 24 hr footing, hence, we will hold a far better thought of the triggers that cause episodes of illness. Although their experience may be with merely one individual that experience will be of the day-to-day or hebdomadal flow of the unwellness. This may be single to one individual but there will be common traits to other unwellnesss and accordingly these will be of valuable information to pupils and practicians likewise. Any jurisprudence relating to mental unwellness will hold some consequence on the carer where mental wellness is concerned. The Carers Equal Opportunities Act 2005 ( SCIE 2007 ) , strengthens the rights of carers to a carers needs assessment nevertheless, while no money has come with the act, there are some countries of the act which can be of aid. For illustration, if there s a lodging job other sections within the council can be bypassed and the lodging section approached straight. Furthermore, a right has been laid down within the act for carers to hold the ability to get instruction, work and leisure which will necessitate careful consideration when developing attention programs for the client. The Welsh Assembly Government has besides brought into being a Carers Measure 2010, this should give the carer the right to information sing the attention of the individual they care for, information on drugs and side effects and to be involved in attention planning. ( ref ) The Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) has a direct bearing on carers, as it can be overridden by the Mental Health Act 1983 and its amendments in 2007.The Mental Health Act ( 1983/ 2007 ) and its subdivisions take precedency over the Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) which means that any specific wants of the individual they care for can be overruled. However the Welsh Assembly Government has seen fit to replace some of the countries of the amended act, they have created, and in the procedure of being brought into jurisprudence ; a Mental Health Measure 2010, which has been put together to standardize the attention of those with mental wellness jobs throughout Wales. It will intend the attention received in the North should be the same as that received in the South of Wales. It besides will intend that patients who have been discharged from attention will, if they feel unwell, be able to self refer ; the deductions of this for the carer are huge as intervention at an early phase should cut down the hazard of crisis in the place. By researching some of the policy and jurisprudence in mental wellness proviso, carer s demands and the demands of the pupils and practicians coincide. Carers are able to explicate how they are affected by caring in the place for person with a terrible and abiding mental unwellness. Researching Carer engagement in instruction Richard? The current landscape of nurse instruction is a disputing journey into a universe where there exists a assortment of differing possibilities of what is meant by best pattern . Indeed in developing nurses who are fit to pattern ( NMC? ) nurse pedagogues would be good advised to seek cognition and support from a mostly overlooked group carers. Nurses are the largest professional group within the health care work force and within the multi-disciplinary squad, continue to keep a premier place in service development and proviso. Chitty ( 2005 ) within her reappraisal of values and beliefs within nursing explains that these two strong beliefs can act upon how nurses pattern their profession even on a sub-conscious degree. Therefore, the values and beliefs they develop throughout their undergraduate preparation will constantly impact on the criterion and quality of attention that they subsequently provide. Consequently this attention will vastly impact on the experience and support offered to carers and their loved 1s. Within the policy green paper Control displacement: Returning power to local communities the current Government has conceded that decentralization, degeneration and authorization are proactive stairss towards reassigning powers from the cardinal province to local people ( Ref ) . Initially as a demand for the societal work programme we have recognised the of import experiential experience that carers can lend to nurse instruction non as a faculty result but as a echt spouse. This will be discussed in more item below? I do nt believe we should be so specific -In September 2006, a group of carers who had been involved at GlyndAÂ µr University ( so called NEWI ) were asked if they were interested in developing and widening their input into undergraduate programmes. There was some initial concern that similar undertakings had in the past merely offered a tokenistic gesture towards nurse instruction demand to explicate what this means? . Warne and McAndrew ( 2007 ) noted that in similar preparation, kineticss pedagogues were loath to release control and power to a non-traditional instruction group and that pupils may prefer the professional position over those of the experiential instructor. The University gave reassurances that the groups parts would be both valued and influential upon the current course of study. How? Mindful that there was a organic structure of grounds that indicated that past undertakings had failed to adequately fix similar groups in the preparation and instruction of wellness professionals ( Repper and Breeze 2004 ) . The University provided preparation that would present pedagogical attacks and facets of public speech production so that all those involved felt equipped to hold their voices heard. A University employee was appointed to move as a nexus individual and to move in an consultative function when and if required. One of the first undertakings of the group was to make up ones mind upon a name. Outside In was chosen as it seemed to encapsulate the significance of the group. In other words, people who had traditionally been left out of the procedure of educating nursing pupils ( the really people who would see their accomplishments in future ) were being ask in to heighten their cognition and accomplishments. Within the early phases of the developing the group was asked to compose an autobiographical history of their experiences as a carer. This undertaking was undertaken to authorise those involved as many carers do non to the full recognize the deepness of cognition and understanding that they have developed and how psychotherapeutic the procedure of authorship can be ( Wakefield, 2010 ) . The purpose of this exercising was to authorise but consequently it created a forum for the group to discourse how their peculiar experiences could be best utilised to inform the course of study and finally to leave cognition. A personal file was created with the carer naming their expertise through experience and experience of engagement . Support for the justification of this undertaking can be evidenced by Fry et Al ( 2003 ) who argue that it is obvious that experience gained through life, instruction and work creates a cardinal function in the procedure of acquisition and that this position on a cquisition is called experiential acquisition or acquisition by making . By following this attack precautions could be put in topographic point to guarantee that no carer was unwittingly placed in a place that they were non decently prepared or trained for. Masters et Al ( 2002 ) highlights the hazards that can be encountered if carers are non decently prepared and supported for their educational function as it can take to experiencing of inadequacy and a deficiency of apprehension of their intent within the programme. We need to speak about the student/ scholar experience of carer engagement? Over the last four old ages the nurse mental wellness pedagogues at Glyndwr University have worked alongside carer pedagogues in developing a theoretical account of inclusion and equality. Have we? ? ? ? What is it? This relationship has formed three typical functions ; the interviewing and choice of possible pupil nurses, learning both independently and jointly and eventually in mental wellness course of study development non merely in the University but nationally in Wales. By including carers in the interviewing of pupil nurses there is an early realisation that carers posses a valued expertness and are situated steadfastly within the multi-disciplinary squad. A fact further cemented with the recent inclusion of clinical practicians into the interviewing squad. The carers besides worked alongside members of the academic squad in inventing the interview inquiries and making specific inquiries that they the carers could inquire to prove the campaigners empathic resoluteness. Lauder et Al ( 2002 ) province that there is a important grounds to bespeak that many receivers of nursing attention, do non believe that practicians understand either their feelings or their positions. By including the carer within this inaugural relevant self-disclosure can be utilised and experiences discussed and sentiments sought. Not certain what this means for pupils Carer pedagogues have been a seeable subscriber within the programme delivering talks, workshops, and seminars. This instruction has been both independently led by the carer and jointly taught with nurse pedagogues. This blended instruction has allowed for a personal experience of attention proviso to be heard aboard established nursing course of study. Surveies have shown that ( Happell and Roper, 2003 ) the bulk of nursing pupils identified positive alterations in their attitudes, a demand to listen to the narrative and to reflect upon their ain pattern. Outside In has become an indispensible spouse in developing mental wellness nursing pupils but its carers reach has stretched much further than the confines of the University campus. In 2008 the Welsh subdivision of the Mental Health in Higher Education ( MHHE ) web was launched. Learning and Teaching about Mental Health in Wales ( LTMHW ) has created a platform for new undertakings, course of study developments, and issues within mental wellness that require a corporate voice to be heard. The web has been seeable in all geographical parts and at the head have been the carer pedagogues, non as attendants but as nucleus group members be aftering and assisting form the web from within. Not certain this should be here Stronger in partnership papers reference? No, but it could travel in Steve s spot, need to concentrate upon the pupil experience of carer involvement impact outcomes etc if we have non got the grounds we need to happen it from the literature but possibly we could foreground / complete off by stating how hard this can be? And we need to hold a solid statement for acknowledging carer s demands every bit good as service users? For illustration I know Steve is really much aware of the carer load and focuses upon that when questioning and learning He is besides cognizant of policy and jurisprudence around his engagement Good communicating and listening accomplishments is besides one of his beefs ; ) I can hear him now The first 2 above are more specific to the carer function in instruction? So possibly we need to concentrate upon them in the pattern subdivision Rich? With back up grounds of class ; ) I will go on to work on the other spots in the interim but we need a new deadline now say 2 hebdomads? so we can acquire it finished before we go on vacation?

Towson University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Towson University Admissions and Acceptance Rate Towson University has a 74% acceptance rate and moderately open admissions. Students with solid grades (B or better) and SAT/ACT scores that are average or higher will be on target for admission. All applicants must write an essay as part of the application process; letters of recommendation and an activities resumà © are optional. Note that the Honors College and several majors have additional admissions requirements. Admissions Data (2016) Towson University Acceptance Rate: 74%GPA, SAT and ACT graph for TowsonTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 490 / 580SAT Math: 490 / 580SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: 21 / 25ACT English: 20  / 25ACT Math: 20 / 25What these ACT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges ACT comparison Towson University Description Towson Universitys 328-acre campus is located eight miles north of Baltimore. Towson is the second largest public university in Maryland, and the school often does well in rankings of regional public universities. Explore the campus with the  Towson University photo tour The university offers over 100 degree  programs, and among undergraduates profession fields such as business, education,  nursing and communications are extremely popular. Towson has a 17 to 1  student / faculty ratio. The school wins high marks for its safety, value, and green efforts. On the athletic front, the  Towson University Tigers  compete in the NCAA Division I  Colonial Athletic Association  and Eastern College Athletic Conference.  Calculate your chances of getting in  with this free tool from Cappex. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 22,343  (19,198 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40 percent male / 60 percent female88 percent full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $9,408  (in-state); $21,076 (out-of-state)Books: $1,080 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,754Other Expenses: $3,094Total Cost: $25,336 (in-state); $37,004 (out-of-state) Towson University Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 80  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 56 percentLoans: 56 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,828Loans: $7,106 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Art, Biology,  Business Administration, Elementary Education, Mass Communication, Nursing, Psychology, Social Science, Sport ManagementWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 85  percentTransfer Out Rate: 21 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 46  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 71  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Lacrosse, Swimming, Baseball, Basketball, GolfWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Lacrosse, Soccer, Swimming, Field Hockey, Volleyball, Tennis If You Like Towson University, You May Also Like These Schools Temple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPennsylvania State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJames Madison University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorge Mason University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDelaware State University: Profile  Hood College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMorgan State University: Profile  Salisbury University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWest Virginia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBowie State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Towson University Mission Statement: mission statement from  https://www.towson.edu/about/mission/index.html Towson University fosters intellectual inquiry and critical thinking preparing graduates who will serve as effective, ethical leaders and engaged citizens. Through a foundation in the liberal arts, an emphasis on rigorous academic standards, and the creation of small learning environments, we are committed to providing a collaborative, interdisciplinary and inter-professional atmosphere, excellence in teaching, leadership development, civic engagement, and applied and sponsored research opportunities at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Our graduates leave Towson University with the vision, creativity and adaptability to craft solutions that enrich the culture, society, economy, and environment of Maryland, the region, and beyond. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Effects of colonization on aboriginal peoples of North America Essay

Effects of colonization on aboriginal peoples of North America - Essay Example The history of Canada shows that it might have had different geographic divisions if it were not for the influence and roles played by its aboriginal people on the land. As an example, Canada would not have existed and would have been part of the United States were it not for the crucial military role played by aboriginal populations in at least two significant historical events 2006). The aboriginal people formerly held sway and ownership over what we know today as Canada. This is an historical fact which is recognized by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and other treaties between three British governments and the Sovereign Aboriginal nation. These served as the basis for succeeding treaties. Ironically, it also gave the means by which Aboriginal land titles could be extinguished 2006). The Royal Proclamation of 1763 marked the beginning of efforts to remove the entire aboriginal peoples from their lands, resources and undermine their rights. This effort succeeded partly with military interventions but these armed conflicts were minimal compared to those waged in the United States. In contrast, American government efforts against aboriginal peoples policies and actions which were more militaristic. In Canada, the government approach was characterized by the political process of assimilation 2006). Although it may seem that the aboriginal population of Canada were peacefully cooperating as allies and business partners, underneath the surface was a prevalence of apartheid, assimilation, ethnic cleansing, infractions on human rights, racism, and oppression, which marked the last 350 years of Canadian aboriginal history. Though on the receiving end of much suffering and prejudice, the aboriginal population played a crucial role in the establishment and confederation of Canada. Aborigines were employed in military roles and their involvement during the attempts of the United States to annex Canada helped keep the balance in favor of the British. The Indian forces were also responsible for keeping Americans from succeeding in their persistent encroachments into Canada ( 2006). A modern society with a federal structure was established with the confederation of Canada in 1867. The initiative towards confederation began as early as 1858 and increased in pace in 1864 and 1866. Although the confederation delegates went into extensive discussions to hammer out the details of confederation, there was no time when the First Nations were included in the talks. Neither were they consulted nor their future roles in the federation publicly acknowledged. Their future was determined unilaterally and as the first prime minister, Sir John MacDonald said, "to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the inhabitants of the Dominion" (GENOCIDE & ASSIMILATION: Canada's Aboriginal People experience "Ethnic cleansing - Canadian-Style !" http://offreserve.tripod.com/articles.html). This was consistent with the British Empire's task of carrying the "white man's burden". This is to mean the civilizing of indigenous peoples within the empire, may they be Indian, Maori, Zulu, etc. The "white man's burden" also serves as the justification for the annexation of the lands and resources of these indigenous populations. For Victorian

Ethical Considerations in Business Decisions and Operations Essay

Ethical Considerations in Business Decisions and Operations - Essay Example Liberation of the financial services sector in the USA in the late 1990s translated to the freedom of financial institutions to offer a wide range of financial services to clients. Banks are allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission to offer securities as they deem okay to their clients where it is the major financial players who usually benefit. The advantages of such a scenario are that it is good for the banks which are businesses just like any other hence interested in maximizing income. Banks also argue that distributing securities to established investors as opposed to small ones is a sure way of raising the much-needed publicity for small firms launching in an IPO. This happened between WordCom’s Mr. Ebbers and Salomon Barney through Mr. Grubman - an underwriter who enabled Mr. Ebbers to make $11 million in four years from IPOs (Romar, 2006). Ethical concerns, however, arise in cases involving very close relationships with financial institutions, analysts, and i nvestors. A case in point is the close relationship between Mr. Ebbers and Mr. Grubman which resulted in high rankings for WorldCom even when its stocks were actually falling. In the end, there was a misrepresentation of information to shareholders that kept them in the dark about changing fortunes (WorldCom's stocks had fallen by nearly 90% by the time Mr. Grubman came clean) finally leading to losses when WorldCom went bankrupt (Gini and Marcoux, 2008).... This was only sustainable through continued acquisitions hence when the government denied WordCom the permission to acquire Sprint in 2000 the management had to focus on raising value of the previous acquisitions which would be accompanied by fall in share value. In 2002, WordCom filed for bankruptcy admitting to financial adjustments of operating expenses as capital expenses to a tune of $9 billion in three years (Moberg and Romar, 2003). The situation at WordCom reveals a need to protect shareholders from bearing losses since they are the ultimate losers in the scenario where a company files for bankruptcy. The suggested protection needs only transparency and accountability in acquisition alongside ensuring that the GAAPs are strictly adhered to. This can be achieved through undertaking proper audits of acquisition processes since wholesome shelving of acquisition is waste of an opportunity for growth. Ethical Considerations when Banking Firms offer Special Clients Privilege in â⠂¬Å"Hot† IPO Auctions Liberation of financial services sector in the USA in the late 1990s translated to the freedom of financial institutions to offer a wide range of financial services to clients. Banks are allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission to offer securities as they deem okay to their clients where it is the major financial players who usually benefit. The advantages of such a scenario is that it is good for the banks which are businesses just like any other hence interested in maximizing income. Banks also argue that distributing securities to established investors as opposed to small ones is a sure way of raising the much needed publicity for small firms launching in an IPO. This happened

Business in China Essay Example for Free

Business in China Essay There are many cross cultural differences that would need to be taken into consideration if a US company were to expand into China. Language is an important cultural difference that has to be taken into consideration. It would be wise to consult a native speaker. Due to various dialects and local slang a translation of something would have to be understood by all and to not offend a particular market. An American advertisement in English would be understood by all of the US but a Chinese advertisement in one of the seven Chinese dialects would not be understood by everyone in China. An American advertisement or product info that is mistranslated could make it off putting to consumers or investors. The legal system in China is vastly different than in the US. Corruption is rampant in China when doing business and often times bribes are necessary in order to ensure that your operation runs according to plan. The legal system in China is more difficult to navigate and lacks neutrality as the China Communist Party is in complete control of it. The US legal system has more neutrality, transparency and it is easier to file court cases. Bribes in the US would be completely illegal and never permissible. Gender is another cultural difference between the US and China. Gender inequality in China has existed throughout history and just recently laws are being passed in order to ensure equality but discrimination is still experienced. Women are still expected to do all housework even if they have a job and they normally make less than their male counterparts. Although the situation is improving, males are more favored in business dealings. A US company would need to be hesitant in sending a female executive to China to do any new dealings as Chinese companies might not be as comfortable compared to if they were dealing with a male. B The safety of products in the US is very different as compared to China. China is known for their cheap goods but they come at a health cost as low quality standards often lead to toxic or unsafe products. Many US companies outsource their production in order to lower costs and US products are often  recalled due to lead or other chemicals being found in the products after they have been purchased by the consumer. In the US this would not happen due to high industry quality standards and regulations. In China companies must strictly implement their own safety standards and monitor that they are being followed in order to ensure quality products up to standards. In the US, food and medical related products would need to follow the strict guidelines of the FDA in order to be able to sell the product on the market. In China, a food or medical product by the same company would not have as strict guildelines as compared to the US, but the FDA has been training Chinese companies on how to produce safer products. Products are often cheaper in price in China due to cheaper labor and production. China is able to produce products on such a large scale that it further decreases the price of each individual product. Workers are paid significantly lower wages as compared to the US. Chinese companies often receive the taxes they paid on products back if it is exported and this also keeps prices low. In the US products are not commonly advertised with a price ending in zero such as $10 or $20. Instead the product would be advertised one cent less at $9.99 or $19.99 because having the product price at the lower dollar amount makes the product seem more att ractive. In China there is much emphasis on the luck of certain numbers and 8 is one of the luckiest number in Chinese culture and many companies use this to their advantage by advertising products with prices ending in 8. Products are often promoted very differently between the US and China. Advertisements in the US often make it seem as though a particular product such as vodka will give you the adventurous life of the model in the advertisement. In China, advertisements for luxury products are banned as it doesn’t fit with the China Communist Party’s want to promote thrifty values and not promote extravagance. In China, a company new to the market must advertise its product with an emphasis on affirming its products safety due to the rampant counterfeiting and low product safety in China. In the US, a new company to the market would advertise its product with an emphasis on its distinguishing features or cheaper price as product safety is not an issue in the US. There is a large portion of China’s population that lives in rural areas and products have not normally marketed towards them due to the lack of infrastructure to effectively reach them. Recently, companies are marketing outside of major cities as  infrastructure is improving. This is compared to the US where the USPS can send a package to any address in the country in a few days. In the US businesses utilize large semi trailers to effectively distribute large batches products across the country as all city streets are able to accommodate the large trucks and the US highway system reaches to every part of the country. In China, businesses send out smaller batches to each store as space is often more limited but most major cities limit the use of trucks. Shipments must then be sent by vans or cars which is less efficient. Although the situation is improving, bribes are very common when doing business in China. Bribes are expected in order to cut through bureaucratic red tape. Not giving bribes would put a company at a disadvantage to their competitors. Any sort of bribery or corruption is highly illegal in the US and illegal for all US companies. In the US, workers must normally be at least 16 with permission or 18 to hold a job in order to not exploit children in the workforce. Child labor is a huge problem in China due to lack of enforcement of policies. Due to poverty, families are letting their children which can be as young as 5 years old be exploited by working in extreme conditions and long hours. If a US company was caught hiring child workers not only would it be ethically wrong but it would be a major hit to the companies reputation.